In Erikki Huhtamo’s essay, “Trouble at the Interface or the Identity Crisis of Interactive Art” talks about the history of interactive art. Huhtamo believes that interactive art is crucial to the human computer relationship, and also that it combines subject matter and interactive art as well which is necessary for its meaning. User interaction is integral for interactive art to work. This requires a physical effort from a participant in order to show the meaning behind the artwork. An example of an artwork that is similar to interactive art is Daniel Rozin’s work. He is an artist, educator, and developer who works in the area of interactive art. He creates installations and sculptures that are very unique and can change and respond to the presence of a viewer. Most of the time the viewer becomes part of the art and is invited to take part in the creation of the artwork.

      In Lev Manovich’s essay, “Database as a Symbolic Form” the author discusses the concept of databases as a cultural form and how it is structuring our experiences as users. Manovich analyzes and compares two form of cultural expression which are narrative and database. He brings up that the world seems to be using unstructured collection of texts, images, and other record which are used to show databases. Some examples that he gives are computer games and the internet. Data structures and algorithms coincide with one another to work. Interfaces give us access to databases. An example of this would be youtube because it has a database that files videos.

      In Florian Cramer essay, “Concepts, Notions, Software, Art” the author explains the tendencies in digital art to not reveal the code that is behind the artwork. For instance, in interactive art the viewer makes work through interaction rather than the code that is running in the background in the computer which doesn’t give credit. An example of this would be what professor Jevbratt talked about in class of the interactive pillow. Whenever you try and touch it, it gets shy and runs away. Although we see the exterior part of the program we don’t know what is going on behind the scenes in the computer code.